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This International Standard establishes the positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body. It specifies parameters based on values for approach speeds of parts of the human body and provides a methodology to determine the minimum distances to a hazard zone from the detection zone or from actuating devices of safeguards. The values for approach speeds (walking speed and upper limb movement) in this International Standard are time tested and proven in practical experience. This International Standard gives guidance for typical approaches. Other types of approach, for example running, jumping or falling, are not considered in this International Standard. NOTE 1 Other types of approach can result in approach speeds that are higher or lower than those defined in this International Standard. Safeguards considered in this International Standard include: a) electro-sensitive protective equipment [see IEC 61496 (all parts)], including: - light curtains and light grids (AOPDs); - laser scanners (AOPDDRs) and two-dimensional vision systems; b) pressure-sensitive protective equipment (see ISO 13856-1, ISO 13856-2 and ISO 13856-3), especially pressure-sensitive mats; c) two-hand control devices (see ISO 13851); d) interlocking guards without guard locking (see ISO 14119). This International Standard specifies minimum distances from the detection zone, plane, line, point or interlocking guard access point to the hazard zone for hazards caused by the machine (e.g. crushing, shearing, drawing-in). Protection against the risks from hazards arising from the ejection of solid or fluid materials, emissions, radiation and electricity are not covered by this International Standard.