ASTM-F2781 › Standard Practice for Testing Forced Entry, Ballistic and Low Impact Resistance of Security Fence Systems
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Scope
1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evaluated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using the limited hand tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It also establishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance of those systems (see Table 2). The tools specified to be used for testing at each threat level are those that are known to have a maximum destructive effect on structures and their sub-assemblies and are readily available to aggressors categorized as posing that level of threat.
1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat level category are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), and devices requiring more than one person to transport and operate.
1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the medium (M) threat level category are power tools requiring an outside power source or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools and devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.
1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threat level category are devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.
Significance and Use
The success or failure of any attempt to forcefully penetrate a fence system is dependent upon three primary factors that collectively define the threat—the tools and devices employed, the number of aggressors, and their level of sophistication.
Normally, a test procedure of this scope would be supported by years of laboratory testing intended to qualify and accurately reproduce the destructive effects of a variety of tools, implements, and devices. However, rapidly changing social conditions have created an immediate need for building components resistant to evolving forced entry techniques. Accordingly, the procedures presented herein are based more on field experience than laboratory analysis. They are more representative than inclusive, are intended to provide a basis for the comparative evaluation of different fence systems using forced penetration procedures and are not intended to be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries.
TABLE 1 Schedule of Testing—All Levels of Threat Severity
Time of Application (minutes) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structured Testing | Discretionary Testing | |||||||
Tool(s) | L | M | A | L | M | A | ||
Crowbar 5 lb by 28 in. (2) | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Cold Chisels and Hammer (2) | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Hacksaw and Two HSS Blades | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Sledgehammer 16 in. by 6 lb | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Fire Axe 36 in. by 6 lb | 3-5 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Bolt Cutter (2) | - | 3-5 | 3-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Fire Axe 36 in. by 10 lb | - | 3-5 | 3-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Hole Saw 2 in. (1) | - | 0-5 | 0-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Pry Bar 30 in. Steel (2) | - | 0-5 | 0-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Sledgehammer 30 in. by 12 lb | - | 0-5 | 0-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Steel Wedge 6 in. long (2) | - | 0-5 | 0-5 | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Circular Saw 8 in., 1100 W, and 3 Blades (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Disc Grinder 5 in., 1100 W, and 3 Blades (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Rotary and Hammer Drill 750 W and 5 Drill Bits, ½ in. (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Hole Saw Greater than 2 in. (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Steel Pinch Bar 60 in. long (2) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Reciprocating Saw 750 W and 3 Carbide Blades (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Sledgehammer 30 in. by 15 lb (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Oxyacetylene Torch with 80 ft3 Oxygen and 40 ft3 Acetylene Tanks (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Cut-Off Saw 5 KW or HD Gasoline 18 in. Dia. and 3 Blades (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Breaker (1900 W) 30 lb with 3 Bits (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Scissor Jack 1500 lb with 4 in. min retraction and 8 in. Stroke (1) | - | - | 0-5 | - | - | 0-55 | ||
Adhesive Tape (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Fishing Line (250’) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Grappling Hook (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
5-in. Knife (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
8 in. Std and Self Grip Pliers (2) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
10 in. Multiple Slip Pliers (2) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
10 in. Pipe Wrench (2) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
1.660 in. O.D. by 12 ft. pipe (2) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
8 in. Plate Shears (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 (1) | 0-55 (1) | 0-55 (2) | ||
Screwdrivers 7 in.,10 in., and 16 in. (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Cordless ½ in. Drill with spare power pack and carbide bits (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Butane Torch (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 | ||
Rope (1) | - | - | - | 0-55 | 0-55 | 0-55 |
TABLE 2 Forced Entry Resistant Ratings
Threat Level | Active Test Personnel | Resistance Time (minute) | Rating | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structured Test | Discretionary Test | Cumulative | |||
Low (L) | 2 | Less than 5 | 0 | Less than 5 | L0 to L4.9 |
5 | Less than 5 | Less than 10 | L5 to L9.9 | ||
5 | 5 to 9.9 | Less than 15 | L10 to L14.9 | ||
5 | 10 to 14.9 | Less than 20 | L15 to L19.9 | ||
5 | 20 to 25 | 30 | L20 to L30 | ||
5 | 31 to 55 | 60 | L31 to L60 | ||
Medium (M) | 2 | Less than 5 | 0 | Less than 5 | M0 to M4.9 |
5 | Less than 5 | Less than 10 | M5 to M9.9 | ||
5 | 5 to 9.9 | Less than 15 | M10 to M14.9 | ||
5 | 10 to 14.9 | Less than 20 | M15 to M19.9 | ||
5 | 20 to 25 | 30 | M20 to M30 | ||
5 | 31 to 55 | 60 | M31 to M60 | ||
Aggressive (A) | 4 | Less than 5 | 0 | Less than 5 | A0 to A4.9 |
5 | Less than 5 | Less than 10 | A5 to A9.9 | ||
5 | 5 to 9.9 | Less than 15 | A10 to A14.9 | ||
5 | 10 to 14.9 | Less than 15 | A15 to A19.9 | ||
5 | 20 to 25 | 30 | A20 to A30 | ||
5 | 31 to 55 | 60 | M31 to A60 |
The test requirements specified herein have been established for use in evaluating the penetration resistance characteristics of standard fence systems to be used in commercial, government and military installations.
The success of any forced entry threat is dependent on the cumulative effect of the implements used, the elapsed time, and the sophistication and motivation of the personnel affecting the forced entry.
Absolute penetration resistance from forced entry by a determined and well-equipped attack group is impossible.
Aggressor groups range from unsophisticated criminals and vandals to organized criminals.
Attempts to force an entry may be thwarted by increasing the time necessary to affect such an entry and by early detection. Intrusion sensors positioned as far as possible from the protected environment in conjunction with optimal structural and component design will maximize the time available for a response force to intercept the intruders.
The procedures of this test method are intended to evaluate the time necessary for vandals and unsophisticated criminals to forcefully penetrate security fence systems by using manually operated tools—defined as a low, medium, or aggressive forced entry threat.
Keywords
ICS Number Code 13.310 (Protection against crime)
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Document Number
ASTM-F2781-15R21
Revision Level
2015 R21 EDITION
Status
Current
Modification Type
New
Publication Date
Nov. 2, 2021
Document Type
Practice
Page Count
11 pages
Committee Number
F14.50