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1.1 This guide covers the nature of two commercial water triple-point cells (types A and B, see Fig. 1) and provides a method for preparing the cell to realize the water triple-point and calibrate thermometers. The qualifications concerning preparation and the types of glass used for a cell are discussed. Tests for assuring the integrity of a qualified cell and of cells yet to be qualified are given. Precautions for handling the cell to avoid breakage are also described.

FIG. 1 Configurations of two commonly used triple point of water cells, Type A and Type B, with ice mantle prepared for measurement at the ice/water equilibrium temperature. The cells are used immersed in an ice bath or water bath controlled close to 0.01 °C (see 5.5)

1.2 The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the temperature of a water triple-point cell is discussed.

1.3 Procedures for adjusting the observed SPRT resistance readings for the effects of self-heating and hydrostatic pressure are described in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

4.1 This guide describes a procedure for placing a water triple-point cell in service and for using it as a reference temperature in thermometer calibration.

4.2 The reference temperature attained is that of a fundamental state of pure water, the equilibrium between coexisting solid, liquid, and vapor phases.

4.3 The cell is subject to qualification but not to calibration. The cell may be qualified as capable of representing the fundamental state (see 4.2) by comparison with a bank of similar qualified cells of known history, and it may be so qualified and the qualification documented by its manufacturer.

4.4 The temperature to be attributed to a qualified water triple-point cell is exactly 273.16 K on the ITS-90, unless corrected for isotopic composition (refer to Appendix X3).

4.5 Continued accuracy of a qualified cell depends upon sustained physical integrity. This may be verified by techniques described in Section 6.

4.6 The commercially available triple point of water cells described in this standard are capable of achieving an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of between ±0.1 mK and ±0.05 mK, depending upon the method of preparation. Specified measurement procedures shall be followed to achieve these levels of uncertainty.

4.7 Commercially-available triple point of water cells of unknown isotopic composition should be capable of achieving an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of no greater than 0.25 mK, depending upon the actual isotopic composition (3). These types of cells are acceptable for use at this larger value of uncertainty.