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1.1 This practice covers the design of buried precast concrete low head pressure pipe having a circular shape and manufactured in accordance with Specification C361/C361M subject to internal pressure not exceeding a pressure head of 125 ft (54 psi), or as otherwise limited herein.

1.2 When buried, concrete pipe is part of a composite system comprised of the pipe and the surrounding soil envelope. Both the pipe and soil envelope contribute to the strength and structural behavior of the system.

1.3 This practice presents the method for evaluating the effects of external loads combined with internal pressure on buried precast concrete low-head pressure pipe manufactured per Specification C361/C361M. This method includes an analysis that accounts for the interaction between the pipe and soil envelope in determining external loads, earth pressure distributions, and the moments, thrusts, and shears for the pipe. It also includes a detailed procedure for designing reinforcement for these installations.

1.4 Construction requirements for precast concrete low-head pressure pipe are in accordance with Specification C361/C361M.

1.5 This practice may be used as a reference by the owner and the owner's engineer in preparing project specifications for low head pressure pipe.

1.6 The design procedures given in this standard are intended for use by engineers who are familiar with the installation and pipe characteristics that affect the structural behavior of buried concrete pipe installations and the significance of the installation requirements.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.