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1.1 This test method describes the nondestructive assay (NDA) of plutonium, tritium, and ²⁴¹Am using heat flow calorimetry. For plutonium the typical range of applicability, depending on the isotopic composition, corresponds to ~0.1 g to ~5 g quantities while for tritium the typical range extends from ~0.001 g to ~400 g. This test method can be applied to materials in a wide range of container sizes up to 380 L. It has been used routinely to assay items whose thermal power ranges from 0.001 W to 135 W.

1.2 This test method requires knowledge of the relative abundances of the plutonium isotopes and the ²⁴¹Am/Pu mass ratio to determine the total plutonium mass.

1.3 This test method provides a direct measure of tritium content.

1.4 This test method provides a measure of  ²⁴¹Am either as a single isotope or mixed with plutonium.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

5.1 This test method is considered to be the most accurate NDA technique for the assay of many physical forms of Pu. Isotopic measurements by gamma-ray spectroscopy or destructive analysis techniques are part of this test method when it is applied to the assay of Pu.

5.2 This test method is considered to be the most accurate NDA method for the measurement of tritium. For many physical forms of tritium compounds calorimetry is currently the only practical measurement technique available.

5.3 Physical standards representative of the materials being assayed are not required for the test method.

5.4 The thermal power measurement is traceable to national measurement systems through electrical standards used to directly calibrate the calorimeters or to calibrate secondary ²³⁸Pu heat standards.

5.5 Heat-flow calorimetry has been used to prepare secondary standards for neutron and gamma-ray assay systems (7-12).

5.6 Four parameters of the item and the item packaging affect measurement time. These four parameters are density, mass, thermal conductivity, and change in temperature. The measurement well of passive calorimeters will also affect measurement time because it too will need to come to the new equilibrium temperature. Calorimeters operated in power compensation mode maintain a constant measurement well temperature and have no additional effect on measurement time.